History of Medicine – Lecture Notes for Year 1 Medicine (English-language program)
University of Oradea, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy · Dorel-Petru Țîrț · 2026–2027
These lecture notes trace the development of medicine from prehistory to the present day. They are written for first-year medical students. The twelve chapters run in chronological order. They cover archaic and prehistoric medicine, including trepanation and early herbal remedies, and the medical traditions of Mesopotamia, Egypt, India (Ayurveda), China, Greece and Rome. They continue through medieval and Islamic medicine and the anatomical revolution of the Renaissance, then the scientific advances of the 17th to 20th centuries. These include Harvey’s account of blood circulation, Jenner’s vaccination, the germ theory of Pasteur and Koch, antisepsis, anesthesia and antibiotics. A final chapter covers 21st-century medicine: the Human Genome Project, precision medicine, CRISPR gene editing and mRNA vaccines.
Two dedicated chapters cover the history of medicine in Romania. They run from Greek medicine in Dobrogea and medieval epidemics to Carol Davila’s National School of Medicine and the international contributions of Victor Babeș, Gheorghe Marinescu, Ion Cantacuzino, and others.